Remissão total do zumbido pediátrico: relato dos resultados de uma abordagem não medicamentosa da disfunção tubária / Total remission of pediatric tinnitus: reporting the results of a non-drug approach to tubal dysfunction / Remisión total del acufeno pediátrico: informe de los resultados de un enfoque no farmacológico a la disfunción tubárica

Introdução: Zumbido é um sintoma crescente na população pediátrica e sua multifatoriedade etiológica demanda amplas investigações para utilizar-se adequadas intervenções. Objetivos: relatar os efeitos de uma abordagem não medicamentosa em um caso de remissão total do zumbido pediátrico oriundo da disfunção tubária. Método: Este artigo apresenta um indivíduo com sete anos, do sexo feminino e com queixa de zumbido crônico associado a disfunção tubária, considerado escasso na literatura. Além disso, este estudo descreve as avaliações médicas (neurológica e otorrinolaringológica), a avaliação audiológica e psicoacústica do zumbido, o processo diagnóstico e a intervenção fonoaudiológica realizada. Utilizou-se uma abordagem não medicamentosa que contemplou exercícios miofuncionais orofaciais, Manobra de Valsalva e limpeza nasal. Resultados: Após um mês de intervenção, com a prática diária dos exercícios, o indivíduo estudado referiu ausência da percepção do sintoma e das demais queixas auditivas. Este resultado também foi constatado nas avaliações audiológicas. Conclusão: A abordagem não medicamentosa da disfunção tubária demonstrou bons resultados frente ao manejo do zumbido crônico, para o presente caso. (AU)

Introduction: Tinnitus is a growing symptom in the pediatric population and its etiological multifactorial demands extensive investigations to use appropriate interventions. Objective: report the effects of a non-medicated approach of a case of total remission of pediatric tinnitus from tube dysfunction. Methods: This article presents a seven-year-old female patient with a complaint of chronic tinnitus associated with tubal dysfunction, considered rare in the literature. Besides that, this study describes the medical evaluations (neurological and otorhinolaryngological), the audiological and psychoacoustic evaluations of the tinnitus, the diagnostic process and the speech-language intervention performed. It was used a non-medication approach that included orofacial myofunctional exercises, Valsalva maneuver and nasal cleaning. Results: After a month of intervention, with the daily practice of exercises, the studied subject reported the absence of perception of the symptom and other auditory complaints. This result was also verified in the audiological evaluations. Conclusion: The non-medication approach to tubal dysfunction has shown good results in relation to the management of chronic tinnitus for the present case. (AU)

Introducción: Acufeno es un síntoma creciente en la población pediátrica y su multifatoriedad etiológica demanda amplias investigaciones para utilizar adecuadas intervenciones. Objetivos: Informar los efectos de un enfoque no farmacológico de un caso de remisión total del acufeno pediátrico oriundo de la disfunción tubárica. Metodos: Este artículo presenta un sujeto con siete años, del sexo femenino y con queja de acufeno crónico asociado a disfunción tubárica, considerado escaso en la literatura. Además, este estudio describe las evaluaciones médicas (neurológica y otorrinolaringológica), la evaluación audiológica y psicoacústica del zumbido, el proceso diagnóstico y la intervención fonoaudiológica realizada. Se utilizó un abordaje no medicamentoso que contempló ejercicios miofuncionales orofaciales, Maniobra de Valsalva y limpieza nasal. Resultados: Después de un mes de intervención, con la práctica diaria de los ejercicios, el sujeto estudiado refirió ausencia de la percepción del síntoma y de las demás quejas auditivas. Este resultado también se constató en las evaluaciones audiológicas. Conclusión: El abordaje no medicamentoso de la disfunción tubárica demostró buenos resultados frente al manejo del acufeno crónico, para el presente caso. (AU)

Limiar Diferencial de mascaramento e potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico em adultos normo-ouvintes com zumbido / Masking Level Difference and Auditory Brainstem ResponseIn Normal Hearing Adults With Tinnitus / Umbral de enmascaramiento diferencial y potencial evocado auditivo del tronco encefálico en adultos con audición normal y tinnitus

Introdução: O zumbido é uma ilusão auditiva consciente, uma sensação sonora não relacionada com uma fonte externa de estimulação. Objetivos: Caracterizar a Acufenometria, Limiar Diferencial de Mascaramento, o questionário de qualidade de vida Inventário de Desvantagem do Zumbido e Potencial Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico em adultos normo-ouvintes com zumbido, com a finalidade de comparar seus achados. Método: Vinte indivíduos do sexo feminino e masculino, entre 20 e 60 anos de idade, normo-ouvintes com queixa de zumbido, foram submetidos ao Acufenometria, Limiar Diferencial de Mascaramento, Inventário de Desvantagem do Zumbido e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico. Resultados: AAcufenometriarevelou que o pitch médio foi de 4,3 KHz à orelha direita e 4,6 KHz à orelha esquerda. O loudness médio foi de 21,7 dBNS à orelha direita e 23,5 dBNS à orelha esquerda. O Limiar Diferencial de Mascaramento médio mostrou-se alterado. O Inventário de Desvantagem do Zumbido médio correspondeu à classificação de grau leve. O Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico apresentou parâmetros dentro da normalidade bilateralmente. Conclusão: Constatou-se que adultos normo-ouvintes com queixa de zumbido apresentam zumbido de pitch agudo bilateral com discreto impacto na qualidade de vida, condução adequada das vias auditivas até o tronco encefálico e comprometimento na identificação de sons na presença de ruído, demonstrando que o zumbido pode ter repercussões nas habilidades auditivas centrais. (AU)

Introduction: Tinnitus is a conscious auditory illusion, a sound perception unrelated to any external stimulus source. Objectives: To characterize the Acuphenometry, Masking Level Difference, the quality of life questionnaire Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and Auditory Brainstem Response in normal hearing adults with tinnitus, with the purpose of comparing the findings. Method: Twenty female and male individuals, between 20 and 60 years of age, normal hearing with complaints of tinnitus, underwent Acuphenometry, Masking Level Difference, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and Auditory Brainstem Response. Results: The Acuphenometry showed the average pitch was 4.3 KHz to the right ear and 4.6 KHz to the left ear. The average loudness was 21.7 dBSL to the right ear and 23.5 dBs to the left ear. The average Masking Level Difference was altered. The average Tinnitus Handicap Inventory corresponded to the classification of mild grade. Auditory Brainstem Response showed parameters within normal range bilaterally. Conclusion: It was found that normal hearing adults with tinnitus complaints have bilateral acute pitch tinnitus with a slight impact on quality of life, appropriate conduction of auditory pathways to the brainstem and impaired identification of sounds in the presence of noise, demonstrating that tinnitus can have repercussions on central auditory skills. (AU)

Introducción: El tinnitus es una ilusión auditiva consciente, una sensación de sonido no relacionada con una fuente externa de estimulación. Objetivos: Caracterizar la coincidencia de tono y volumen, el umbral de enmascaramiento diferencial, el inventario de minusvalía para acúfenos y el potencial auditivo del tronco encefálico en adultos normoyentes con acúfenos, con el fin de comparar sus hallazgos. Método:Veinte sujetos masculinos y femeninos, con edades entre 20 y 60 años, audición normal con tinnitus, fueron sometidos a acúfenos, Umbral de Enmascaramiento Diferencial, Inventario de Desventajas de Tinnitus y Potenciales Evocados Auditivos del Tronco Encefalico. Resultados: La combinación de tono y volumen reveló que el tono promedio era de 4,3 KHz en el oído derecho y de 4,6 KHz en el oído izquierdo. Mientras que el volumen medio fue de 21,7 dBNS para el oído derecho y de 23,5 dBNS para el oído izquierdo. Se modificó el umbral diferencial de enmascaramiento promedio. El Inventario de Desventajas de Tinnitus promedio correspondió a la clasificación de grado leve. El Potenciales Evocados Auditivos del Tronco Encefalico presentó parámetros dentro del rango normal bilateralmente. Conclusión:Se encontró que los adultos normooyentes con quejas de tinnitus presentan tinnitus de tono alto bilateral con leve impacto en la calidad de vida, conducción adecuada de las vías auditivas al tronco encefálico y deterioro en la identificación de sonidos en presencia de ruido, demostrando que Tinnitus puede tener repercusiones en las habilidades auditivas centrales. (AU)

Diagnosis and treatment strategies of 56 cases of middle ear myoclonus / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment of middle ear myoclonus. Methods: Fifty-six cases of middle ear myoclonus were enrolled in Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University from September 2019 to August 2021, including 23 males and 33 females. The age ranged from 6 to 75 years, with a median age of 35 years; Forty-seven cases were unilateral tinnitus, nine cases were bilateral tinnitus. The time of tinnitus ranged from 20 days to 8 years. The voice characteristics, inducing factors, nature (frequency) of tinnitus, tympanic membrane conditions during tinnitus, audiological related tests, including long-term acoustic tympanogram, stapedius acoustic reflex, pure tone auditory threshold, short increment sensitivity test, alternate binaural loudness balance test, loudness discomfort threshold, vestibular function examination, facial electromyography, and imaging examination were recorded. Oral carbamazepine and/or surgical treatment were used. The patients were followed up for 6-24 months and the tinnitus changes were observed. Results: Tinnitus was diverse, including stepping on snow liking sound, rhythmic drumming, white noise, and so on. The inducing factors included external sound, body position change, touching the skin around the face and ears, speaking, chewing and blinking, etc. Forty-four cases were induced by single factor and 9 cases were induced by two or more factors. There was no definite inducing factor in 1 case. One patient had tinnitus with epilepsy. One case of traumatic facial paralysis after facial nerve decompression could induce tinnitus on the affected side when the auricle moved. Tympanic membrane flutter with the same frequency as tinnitus was found in 12 cases by otoscopy, and the waveform with the same frequency as tinnitus was found by long-term tympanogram examination. There were 7 patients with no tympanic membrane activity by otoscopy, the 7 cases also with the same frequency of tinnitus by long-term tympanogram examination, but the change rate of the waveform was faster than that of the patients with tympanic membrane flutter. All patients with tinnitus had no change in hearing. One case of tinnitus complicated with epilepsy (a 6-year-old child) was treated with antiepileptic drug (topiramate) and tinnitus subsided. One case suffered from tinnitus after facial nerve decompression for traumatic facial paralysis was not given special treatment. Fifty-four cases were treated with oral drug (carbamazepine), of which 10 cases were completely controlled and 23 cases were relieved; 21 cases were invalid. Among the 21 patients with no effect of carbamazepine treatment, 8 patients were treated by surgery, 7 patients had no tinnitus after surgery, 1 patient received three times of operation, and the third operation was followed up for 6 months, no tinnitus occurred again. The other 13 cases refused the surgical treatment due to personal reasons. Conclusions: Middle ear myoclonus tinnitus and the inducing factors manifestate diversity. Oral carbamazepine and other sedative drugs are effective for some patients, and surgical treatment is feasible for those who are ineffective for medication.

Gentamicina intratimpánica comparado con placebo para la enfermedad de Ménière / Intratympanic gentamicin compared with placebo for Ménière's disease

INTRODUCCION La enfermedad de Ménière es una anomalía del oído interno de etiología multifactorial, caracterizada por episodios de vértigo espontáneo y recurrente, hipoacusia fluctuante y tinnitus. La terapia con gentamicina intratimpánica para la enfermedad de Ménière ha sido utilizada buscando reducir la intensidad y frecuencia de las crisis, pero se ha asociado a pérdida auditiva, por lo que existe controversia respecto a su eficacia y seguridad. MÉTODOS Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES Identificamos 13 revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron 80 estudios primarios, de los cuales tres corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que la gentamicina intratimpánica podría reducir el control del vértigo y resultar en poca o nula diferencia sobre el tinnitus, pero la certeza de evidencia es baja. Además, no es posible establecer con claridad si el uso de gentamicina intratimpánica disminuye la audición o la frecuencia de los ataques de vértigo porque la certeza de la evidencia existente ha sido evaluada como muy baja.

INTRODUCTION Ménière's disease is a multifactorial disorder affecting the inner ear, characterized by episodes of spontaneous and recurrent vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss and tinnitus. Intratympanic gentamicin therapy has been used to reduce the intensity and frequency of attacks in intractable Ménière's disease, but it is associated with hearing loss. There is controversy regarding its efficacy and safety. METHODS We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We identified 13 systematic reviews that included 80 primary studies overall, of which three correspond to randomized trials. We concluded that intratympanic gentamicin may improve the control of vertigo, and result in little or no difference to tinnitus, but the certainty of the evidence is low. Furthermore, we are uncertain whether intratympanic gentamicin reduces hearing or the frequency of vertigo attacks as the certainty of the evidence has been assessed as very low.

Clinical management strategies of pulsatile tinnitus with transverse sinus stenosis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To study the clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies for vein-related pulsatile tinnitus patients with transverse sinus stenosis. Methods: The clinical data of patients with vein-related pulsatile tinnitus, from January 2015 to August 2019, were collected,whose digital subtraction angiography showing transverse sinus stenosis. Taking December 2019 as the last follow-up time, we analyzed the clinical characteristics, CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography results, lumbar puncture pressure and cerebrospinal fluid composition, and other auxiliary examination results (pure tone audiometry, fundus examination of papilledema, carotid ultrasonography, bone density screening, endocrinous test), as well as tinnitus handicap inventory, treatment options and follow-up results. Results: 83 patients were enrolled with female of 89.2% (74/83) and male of 10.8%(9/83); 65.1% (54/83) with right tinnitus, 31.3% (26/83) with left tinnitus, and 3.6% (3/83) with bilateral tinnitus; 67.5% (56/83) with right dominant sinus, 19.3% (16/83) with left dominant sinus, 13.3% (11/83) with bilateral equalization; Bilateral and ipsilateral stenosis accounted for 55.4% and 44.6% respectively; BMI was overweight or obese in 41 cases (49.4%, 41/83). Patients with tinnitus handicap inventory level three or above accounted for 79.5% (66/83). Eventually, 33 patients chose conservative observation (39.8%, 33/83), 40 patients (48.2%), 8 patients (9.6%) and 2 patients (2.4%) received sigmoid sinus-related surgery, interventional surgery, or emissary vein occlusion respectively. The mean follow-up time of 74 patients was 26.2 months. The data of 48 surgery patients showed that the pressure differences of venous sinus among the recurrent patients were more obvious; Interventional surgery with simultaneous stenting placement was effective. Tinnitus did not decrease in two patients with emissary vein occlusion. Analysis of 26 patients with lumbar puncture revealed eight cases of normal cranial pressure and 18 cases of high cranial pressure. The sinus pressure difference between the two groups was different (P=0.025), but the difference of age of onset, concomitant symptoms, BMI, proportion of empty sella or papilledema was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions: The evaluation of patients with vein-related pulsatile tinnitus requires a standardized procedure. Papilledema cannot be used as a sensitive indicator in patients with early intracranial hypertension. Venous sinus pressure difference may be one of the indicators of intracranial hypertension, and the lumbar puncture is the gold standard for the diagnosis. Weight loss can be used as a conservative treatment during the observation period. Significant sinus stenosis is a risk factor for recurrence in patients undergoing sigmoid sinus surgery. Interventional stenting is an effective treatment for tinnitus secondary to transverse sinus stenosis.

Presenteísmo e fatores de saúde associados ao ruído ocupacional: estudo de associação em uma empresa do ramo de extrativismo mineral / Presenteeism and health factors associated with occupational noise: association study in a company of the extraction industry / Presentismo y factores de salud asociados con el ruido ocupacional: Estudio de la asociación en una empresa de la industria de extracción

O ruído ocupacional representa um risco à saúde dos trabalhadores, como perda auditiva e zumbido, ainda muito predominante em diversos ambientes e processos. O presenteísmo é definido como um fenômeno em que o trabalhador se encontra fisicamente no trabalho, mas por diversos fatores tem sua concentração e dedicação prejudicadas na realização da atividade. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar que fatores estão associados, incluindo aqueles relacionados à exposição ao ruído, à ocorrência de presenteísmo. O estudo se caracteriza como exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa. No delineamento foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma empresa localizada no Vale do Paraíba, com uma amostra de 23 trabalhadores da indústria da mineração. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação do protocolo Work Limitations Questionnaire de presenteísmo e de questionário de dados sociodemográficos. A análise de associação dos desfechos foi realizada por meio de regressão logística múltipla. Foi possível verificar que, a demanda física foi a que teve maior escore, bem como o fator zumbido pode ser considerado como variável que influencia o presenteísmo.

Occupational noise represents a risk to workers' health, such as hearing loss and tinnitus, still very prevalent in various environments and processes. Presenteeism is defined as a phenomenon in which the worker is physically at work, but due to various factors, his concentration and dedication are impaired in performing the activity. This study aims to identify which factors are associated, including those related to noise exposure, to the occurrence of presenteeism. The study is characterized as exploratory, with quantitative approach. In the design a case study was carried out in a company located in the Vale do Paraíba, with a sample of 23 workers from the mining industry. Data were obtained by applying the Work Limitations Questionnaire presenteeism protocol and the sociodemographic data questionnaire. The outcome association analysis was performed by multiple logistic regression. It was possible to verify that the physical demand was the one with the highest score, and the tinnitus factor can be considered as a variable that influences the presenteeism.

El ruido laboral representa un riesgo para la salud de los trabajadores, como la pérdida de audición y el tinnitus, que sigue siendo muy frecuente en diversos entornos y procesos. El presentismo se define como un fenómeno en el que el trabajador está físicamente en el trabajo, pero debido a varios factores, su concentración y dedicación se ven perjudicados para realizar la actividad. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar qué factores están asociados, incluidos los relacionados con la exposición al ruido, a la ocurrencia de presentismo. El estudio se caracteriza por ser exploratorio, con enfoque cuantitativo. En el diseño se realizó un estudio de caso en una empresa ubicada en Vale de Paraíba, con una muestra de 23 trabajadores de la industria minera. Los datos se obtuvieron aplicando el protocolo de presentismo WLQ y el cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos. El análisis de asociación de resultados se realizó mediante regresión logística múltiple. Fue posible verificar que la demanda física fue la que obtuvo la puntuación más alta, y el factor tinnitus puede considerarse como una variable que influye en el presentismo.

Etiología del acúfeno pulsátil. Caso clínico / Etiology of pulsatile tinnitus. Case report

Resumen El acúfeno es un síntoma relativamente frecuente en una consulta de otorrinolaringología. Se han descrito interacciones en las células ciliadas externas o internas, desequilibrios en el balance de las fibras aferentes y fenómenos de reorganización cortical tras lesiones periféricas que están involucrados en un 90%-95% de las causas del acúfeno. El restante 5%-10% está constituido por un tipo de acúfenos llamados objetivos, que no comparten estos mecanismos fisiopatológicos, sino que se originan en alguna estructura del organismo generalmente ajena a la vía auditiva y estimulan el aparato auditivo igual que lo haría un sonido del exterior. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 52 años remitido al Servicio de Otorrinolaringología de nuestro hospital por acúfeno pulsátil de meses de evolución, sin asociar hipoacusia, ni vértigo, ni otra sintomatología.

Abstract Tinnitus is a relatively frequent symptom in an otolaryngology consultation. Interactions in external or internal hair cells, imbalances in the afferent fiber balance and cortical reorganization phenomena after peripheral injuries have been described in 90%-95% of the causes of tinnitus. The remaining 5%-10% is comprised of a type of tinnitus called objective, which do not share these pathophysiological mechanisms, but originate from some structure of the body generally external to the auditory pathway and stimulate the auditory apparatus just as a sound from the exterior. We present the case of a 52-year-old man referred to the Otolaryngology service at our hospital for pulsatile tinnitus of months of evolution, with no hearing loss, vertigo, or other symptoms associated.

The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint to Investigate Tinnitus in Adults with Temporomandibular Joint Disorder: A Comparative Study

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of tinnitus is higher in individuals with temporoman- dibular joint disorder (TMD) than in the general population. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the method of choice for investigation, and it has been hypothesized that specific MRI findings might be observed in TMD with comorbid tinnitus. Objective To comparatively describe MRI findings in patients with TMD with and without tinnitus, identifying the most common TMJ alterations and determining whether a correlation exists between severity of TMD and tinnitus. Methods A cross-sectional study of 53 adult patients with bilateral or unilateral TMD (30 with and 23 without tinnitus). The association between tinnitus and morphological aspects of TMD (changes in condylar morphology, articular eminence morphology, and disc morphology), disc displacement (with/without reduction), condylar translation, and intra-articular effusion was analyzed on MRI images. Results The mean patient age was 46.12 ± 16.1 years. Disc displacement was the most common finding in both groups (24 patients with tinnitus versus 15 without; p = 0.043). Only the frequency of disc displacement with reduction was significantly different between groups. Conclusion Additional imaging techniques should be explored to detect specific aspects of the relationship between tinnitus and TMD.

Alterações auditivas na esclerose sistêmica / Hearing alterations in systemic sclerosis

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as queixas e alterações auditivas em indivíduos com esclerose sistêmica (ES), bem como verificar a evolução do quadro audiológico. Método Trata-se de estudo seccional, com uma fase prospectiva, realizado no período de 2012 e 2015, com pacientes com diagnóstico médico de ES. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, ano de início da doença, ano de diagnóstico e subtipo da enfermidade. Posteriormente, foram realizadas a anamnese audiológica, para identificação de queixas e sintomas e para a investigação de realização de audiometria pregressa ao estudo, e, em seguida, a avaliação audiológica básica. Resultados Participaram do estudo 50 indivíduos. Tontura e zumbido foram os sintomas mais frequentes. A perda auditiva foi identificada em 23 (46%) indivíduos, sendo a maioria do tipo sensorioneural, de grau e configurações variáveis. A análise dos limares auditivos obtidos na avaliação audiológica realizada em 2012 e, posteriormente, em 2015 indicou desencadeamento ou progressão da perda auditiva, com piora de 10dB na maioria das frequências avaliadas, sendo mais expressiva nas frequências agudas. Conclusão Elevada frequência de queixas e alterações auditivas em indivíduos com ES e desencadeamento e/ou progressão da perda auditiva naqueles que realizaram avaliação audiológica sequencial.

ABSTRACT Purpose Describe hearing complaints and alterations in individuals with systemic sclerosis (SS) and to verify the development of audiological manifestations. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with a prospective phase, conducted in the period from 2012 to 2015, with patients with medical diagnosis of SS. Sociodemographic data, year of disease onset, year of diagnosis and disease subtype were collected. Later, audiological anamnesis was performed to identify complaints and symptoms and to investigate the performance of audiometry before the study and, after that, a basic audiological evaluation was conducted. Results Fifty individuals participated in the study. Dizziness and tinnitus were the most frequent symptoms. Hearing loss was identified in 23 (46%) individuals; most of them were of sensorineural type, of variable degrees and configurations. The analysis of hearing thresholds obtained in the audiological evaluation performed in 2012 and, later, in 2015, indicated onset or progression of hearing loss, with aggravation of 10dB in most frequencies evaluated, being more expressive in acute frequencies. Conclusion High rate of hearing complaints and alterations in individuals with SS and onset and/or progression of hearing loss in those who underwent serial audiological evaluation were observed.

Terapia con presión positiva para enfermedad de Ménière / Positive pressure therapy for Ménière's disease

INTRODUCCIÓN La enfermedad de Ménière es una anomalía del oído interno caracterizada por episodios de vértigo espontáneo, hipoacusia fluctuante y tinnitus. La terapia con presión positiva ha sido utilizada para reducir la intensidad y la frecuencia de las crisis, pero existe controversia respecto a su eficacia. MÉTODOS Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES Identificamos cinco revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron 22 estudios primarios, de los cuales cinco corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que la terapia de presión positiva probablemente empeora levemente la audición y no reduce la intensidad del vértigo. Además, no es posible establecer con claridad si la terapia de presión positiva mejora la funcionalidad o si disminuye la frecuencia de los ataques de vértigo, porque la certeza de la evidencia existente ha sido evaluada como muy baja.

INTRODUCTION Ménière's disease is a disorder of the inner ear characterized by episodes of spontaneous vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss and tinnitus. Positive pressure therapy has been used to reduce the intensity and frequency of episodes, but it is not clear whether it is actually effective. METHODS We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We identified five systematic reviews including 22 studies overall, of which five were randomized trials. We concluded positive pressure therapy probably leads to slightly worse hearing and makes little or no difference in the intensity of vertigo. In addition, we are uncertain whether positive pressure therapy improves functionality or decreases vertigo attacks as the certainty of the evidence has been assessed as very low.

Efectos ototóxicos del cisplatino y su relación con la aparición de hipoacusia en pacientes con cáncer de cuello uterino / Ototoxic effects of cisplatin and its relationship with the appearance of hypoacusia in patients with cervical cancer

Con el objetivo de determinar los efectos ototóxicos del cisplatino y su relación con la aparición de hipoacusia en pacientes con cáncer de cuello uterino que asistieron al Servicio Autónomo de Oncología del estado Lara durante el lapso octubre 2017-febrero 2018, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 16 pacientes siendo las más afectadas el grupo de edad entre 36-45 años (43,2%). Los síntomas auditivos antes de iniciar el tratamiento fueron pérdida de la audición (6,2%); después del primero y segundo ciclo de quimioterapia se reportaron acúfenos (62,5% y 68,7%, respectivamente) siendo en la mayoría del tipo agudo (60% y 81,8% respectivamente) y pérdida de la audición (37,5% y 31,2% respectivamente). Los valores audiométricos al inicio fueron hipoacusia superficial para 25db (31,2%) y 30db (25%) en cambio, después del primero y segundo ciclo, fue hipoacusia superficial de tipo neurosensorial a predominio de frecuencias agudas con valores de 35db (31,2%) y de 40db (31,2%), respectivamente. Los hallazgos audiométricos mostraron que 56,2% de las pacientes presentaban hipoacusia superficial al inicio; pero luego se reportó 50% de pacientes con hipoacusia superficial de tipo neurosensorial a predominio de frecuencias agudas, posterior a ambos ciclos. Los resultados obtenidos permiten identificar de forma temprana las pacientes susceptibles de desarrollar hipoacusia posterior al tratamiento adyuvante con cisplatino(AU)

With the objective of determining the ototoxic effects of cisplatin and its relationship with the onset of hearing loss in patients with cervical cancer who attended the Autonomous Oncology Service of Lara state, during the period October 2017-February 2018; A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, obtaining 16 patients, being the most affected the age group between 36-45 years (43.25%), and the ranges of 25-35 years and 46-55 years (25%, respectively) . Hearing symptoms before starting treatment were hearing loss (6.25%); After the first and second cycle, tinnitus was reported (62.5% and 68.75%), being most of the acute type (60% and 81.81%) and hearing loss (37.5% and 31%). 25%). The audiometric values at the beginning were superficial hypoacusis for 25db (31.25%) and 30db (25%); however, after the first and second cycle was hearing loss Surface-type neurosensory with a curve suggestive of grade I acoustic trauma with values of 35db (31.25%) and 40db (31.25%), respectively. The audiometric findings showed that 56.25% had superficial hearing loss at baseline; but, then, 50% were reported with superficial sensorineural hearing loss with a curve suggestive of grade I acoustic trauma, after both cycles. The results obtained allow the early identification of patients susceptible to developing hearing loss after adjuvant treatment with cisplatin(AU)

Tinnitus pulsátil: caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Pulsatile tinnitus: clinical case and review

RESUMEN El tinnitus pulsátil es un síntoma otológico infrecuente pero requiere un estudio acabado. Una historia y examen físico detallados, son primordiales para orientar el estudio imagenológico posterior, con lo que se llega al diagnóstico en gran parte de los casos. El tratamiento debe ser dirigido a corregir la causa subyacente. En este trabajo, se presenta un caso clínico de tinnitus pulsátil, revisión del tema y orientación al enfoque diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Pulsatile tinnitus is an infrequent otologic symptom but requires a thorough study. A detailed history and physical examination are essential to guide the subsequent imaging study, with which the diagnosis is reached in a large number of cases. The treatment should be aimed at correcting the underlying cause. In this study, a clinical case of pulsatile tinnitus, review of the subject and orientation to the diagnostic approach is presented.

Degree of tinnitus improvement with stapes surgery - a review / Grau de melhora do zumbido com estapedectomia - uma revisão

Abstract Introduction Otospongiosis is temporal bone osteodystrophy, characterized by disordered bone resorption and neoformation in genetically predisposed individuals. Clinically, otospongiosis is characterized by progressive conductive and/or mixed hearing loss and by tinnitus. Objective A review of the last two decades of publications that report the degree of tinnitus improvement with stapes surgery. Methods 125 articles published in the last 20 years mentioning the relationship between otosclerosis and tinnitus. Literature has always shown that the hearing improvement after stapes surgery was the main result sought and found. However, recent articles has reinforced the need for surgery for the tinnitus improvement. The ideal time to assess tinnitus through different scales is in the sixth month post-operative. The estimated average hearing improvement is 93% and tinnitus is 85.52%. Results Summaries of 12 articles were reviewed which fulfilled the search criteria of the survey, and 8 studies were included in the study according the selection criteria. This studies investigating the degree of tinnitus improvement with stapes surgery, using different scales as: tinnitus functional index, visual analog scale, tinnitus functional index and visual analog scale, visual analog scale and "questionnaire asking about tinnitus", Newman's method and Tinnitus Score Advocated by the Japan Audiological Society. The total of the samples of the evaluated articles was of 254 participants. Conclusion We conclude that stapes surgery is effective for the treatment of tinnitus (average improvement is 85.52%), and hearing loss (average improvement is 93%). When deciding about the surgical indication in patients with otosclerosis, the presence and level tinnitus should be considered as well as the level of hearing.

Resumo Introdução A otosclerose é uma osteodistrofia do osso temporal, caracterizada pela reabsorção e neoformação óssea desordenadas em indivíduos geneticamente predispostos. Clinicamente, a otosclerose é caracterizada por perda auditiva progressiva condutiva e/ou mista e por zumbido. Objetivo Uma revisão das últimas duas décadas de publicações que relatam o grau de melhora do zumbido com a estapedectomia. Método Foram analisados 125 artigos publicados nos últimos 20 anos que mencionavam a relação entre otosclerose e zumbido. A literatura sempre mostrou a melhoria auditiva como principal objetivo e resultado da estapedectomia. No entanto, artigos recentes reforçaram a necessidade de cirurgia para a melhoria do zumbido. O momento ideal para avaliar o zumbido através de diferentes escalas é no sexto mês pós-operatório. A melhoria auditiva média estimada é de 93% e a do zumbido, de 85,52%. Resultados Foram revisados resumos de 12 artigos que preencheram os critérios de pesquisa, foram incluídos no estudo 8 artigos de acordo com os critérios de seleção. Este estudo investiga o grau de melhora do zumbido com a estapedectomia, utilizando diferentes escalas: tinnitus functional index, escala visual analógica, tinnitus functional index e escala visual analógica, escala visual analógica e "questionário sobre o zumbido", método de Newman e o Tinnitus Score Advocated, da Sociedade Audiológica do Japão (Japan Audiological Society). O total das amostras dos artigos avaliados foi de 254 participantes. Conclusão Concluímos que a estapedectomia é bastante eficaz no tratamento do zumbido (melhoria média de 85,52%) e perda auditiva (melhoria média de 93%). Ao decidir sobre a indicação cirúrgica em pacientes com otosclerose, a presença e o nível de zumbido devem ser considerados, assim como o nível de audição.

Caso de desafío diagnóstico: fístula dural / Diagnostic challenge case: dural fistula

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino, de 69 años, que refiere tinnitus pulsátil de dos meses de evolución percibido en la región retroauricular derecha. Se presentan los hallazgos en estudios de imágenes, diagnóstico y se presenta una corta revisión del tema.

We present the case of a female patient, 69 years old, who reported pulsatile tinnitus since two months ago perceived in the right retroauricular region. We present the findings in image studies, diagnosis and a short review about the topic.

Dehiscencia del canal semicircular superior como causa de tinnitus pulsátil / Superior semicircular canal dehiscence as cause of pulsatile tinnitus

RESUMEN El tinnitus se presenta en forma crónica en alrededor del 10% de los adultos, siendo el 4% de estos casos tinnitus pulsátil (TP). El TP se caracteriza por ser rítmico y sincrónico al latido cardiaco. Existen múltiples causas descritas, pero en un grupo importante de casos, no se logra objetivar su origen. Nuestro objetivo es presentar casos de dehiscencia del canal semicircular superior (DCSS) como causa de tinnitus pulsátil y su estudio. Se presentan dos pacientes evaluadas por tinnitus pulsátil. En ambos casos se descartan causas sistémicas, ECO doppler carotídeo sin alteración, angio TAC y RNM sin hallazgos. En reconstrucción de Pöschl se sospecha DCSS, por lo que se estudia con potenciales miogénicos evocados cVEMP y oVEMP con disminución de umbral y respuesta aumentada en oído afectado. En los casos expuestos el tinnitus aparece como síntoma único asociado a la presencia de DCSS, que fue confirmada con estudio imagenológico y VEMPs. El estudio con angio TAC permite pesquisar diversas causas asociadas. Los VEMPs confirman el diagnóstico, teniendo el oVEMP mayor sensibilidad. Como conclusión la DCSS es una entidad a tener presente como diagnóstico diferencial del tinnitus pulsátil y ante su sospecha se debe explorar con VEMPs.

ABSTRACT Tinnitus occurs chronically in about 10% of adults, being pulsatile tinnitus a 4% of these cases (TP). TP is characterized by being rythmic and sychronous to the heart beat. There are many described causes, but in a significant group of cases it is not possible to determine its origin. Our aim is present clinical cases of superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) as the cause of pulsatile tinnitus and its study. Clinical cases: Two patients present pulsatile tinnitus in her right ear. System causes were discarded, normal Carotid Doppler ultrasonography, Anglo CT scan and MRI without findings. In Pöschl reconstruction SSCD can be observed. Evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) by suspicion of SSCD Syndrome, cVEMP and oVEMP with a elevated amplitudes and lower thresholds ipsilateral response. In the cases exposed, tinnitus appears as a single symptom associated with the presence of SSCD which was confirmed with imaging studies and VEMPs. The AngioTAC allows to investigate several associated causes. The VEMPs confirm the diagnosis, with oVEMP having a greater sensitivity. The SSCD is an entity to have in my mind as a differential diagnosis of pulsatile tinnitus and, if suspected, should be explored with VEMPs.

Role of preoperative air-bone gap in tinnitus outcome after tympanoplasty for chronic otitis media with tinnitus / Papel do gap aéreo-ósseo pré-operatório no desfecho do zumbido após timpanoplastia para otite média crônica com zumbido

Abstract Introduction Previous reports indicated that middle ear surgery might partially improve tinnitus after surgery. However, until now, no influencing factor has been determined for tinnitus outcome after middle ear surgery. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative air-bone gap and tinnitus outcome after tympanoplasty type I. Methods Seventy-five patients with tinnitus who had more than 6 months of symptoms of chronic otitis media on the ipsilateral side that were refractory to medical treatment were included in this study. All patients were evaluated through otoendoscopy, pure tone/speech audiometer, questionnaire survey using the visual analog scale and the tinnitus handicap inventory for tinnitus symptoms before and 6 months after tympanoplasty. The influence of preoperative bone conduction, preoperative air-bone-gap, and postoperative air-bone-gap on tinnitus outcome after the operation was investigated. Results and conclusion The patients were divided into two groups based on preoperative bone conduction of less than 25 dB (n = 50) or more than 25 dB (n = 25). The postoperative improvement of tinnitus in both groups showed statistical significance. Patients whose preoperative air-bone-gap was less than 15 dB showed no improvement in postoperative tinnitus using the visual analog scale (p = 0.889) and the tinnitus handicap inventory (p = 0.802). However, patients whose preoperative air-bone-gap was more than 15 dB showed statistically significant improvement in postoperative tinnitus using the visual analog scale (p < 0.01) and the tinnitus handicap inventory (p = 0.016). Postoperative change in tinnitus showed significance compared with preoperative tinnitus using visual analog scale (p = 0.006). However, the correlation between reduction in the visual analog scale score and air-bone-gap (p = 0.202) or between reduction in tinnitus handicap inventory score and air-bone-gap (p = 0.290) was not significant. We suggest that the preoperative air-bone-gap can be a predictor of tinnitus outcome after tympanoplasty in chronic otitis media with tinnitus.

Resumo Introdução Relatos anteriores indicaram que a cirurgia no ouvido médio pode melhorar parcialmente o zumbido após a cirurgia. No entanto, até agora, nenhum fator influenciador foi determinado para o resultado do zumbido após cirurgia de ouvido médio. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre o gap aéreo-ósseo pré-operatório e o desfecho do zumbido após timpanoplastia do tipo I. Método Setenta e cinco pacientes com zumbido, com mais de 6 meses de sintomas de otite média crônica no lado ipsilateral que eram refratários ao tratamento médico foram incluídos nesse estudo. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados através de otoendoscopia, audiometria tonal/vocal, questionário utilizando a escala visual analógica e o questionário tinnitus handicap inventory para sintomas de zumbido antes e 6 meses após a timpanoplastia. A influência da condução óssea pré-operatória, gap aéreo-ósseo pré-operatório e pós-operatório sobre o desfecho do zumbido após a operação foi analisada. Resultados e conclusão Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos com base na condução óssea pré-operatória de menos de 25 dB (n = 50) ou mais de 25 dB (n = 25). A melhora do zumbido pós-operatória em ambos os grupos mostrou significância estatística. Pacientes com gap aéreo-ósseo pré-operatório inferior a 15 dB não apresentaram melhora no zumbido pós-operatório utilizando a escala visual analógica (p = 0,889) e o tinnitus handicap inventory (p = 0,802). Entretanto, pacientes com gap aéreo-ósseo pré-operatório maior do que 15 dB apresentaram melhoria estatisticamente significante no zumbido pós-operatório com a escala visual analógica (p < 0,01) e o tinnitus handicap inventory (p = 0,016). A mudança pós-operatória no zumbido mostrou significância em comparação com o zumbido pré-operatório usando a escala visual analógica (p = 0,006). No entanto, a correlação entre a redução no escore da escala visual analógica e gap aéreo-ósseo (p = 0,202) ou entre a redução no escore do tinnitus handicap inventory e gapaéreo-ósseo (p = 0,290) não foi significativa. Sugerimos que o gapaéreo-ósseo pré-operatório possa ser um preditor de desfecho do zumbido após timpanoplastia em otite média crônica com zumbido.

¿Son efectivos los diuréticos en la enfermedad de Ménière? / Are diuretics effective for Ménière`s disease?

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad de Ménière es una anomalía del oído interno caracterizada por episodios de vértigo espontáneo, hipoacusia fluctuante y tinnitus. Los diuréticos han sido ampliamente utilizados para el tratamiento de las crisis de esta enfermedad, pero existe controversia respecto a su eficacia. MÉTODOS: Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos tres revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen diecinueve estudios primarios, de los cuales, cuatro son ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que no está claro si el uso de diuréticos lleva a una mejoría sintomática del vértigo o a una disminución objetiva de la hipoacusia en pacientes con enfermedad de Ménière, porque la certeza de la evidencia es muy baja.

INTRODUCTION: Ménière`s disease is an inner ear disorder characterized by episodes of spontaneous vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss and tinnitus. Diuretics have been widely used for the treatment of attacks, but there is controversy about their effectiveness. METHODS: To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified three systematic reviews including nineteen studies overall, of which four were randomized trials. We concluded it is not clear whether diuretics lead to a symptomatic improvement of vertigo or an objective decrease in hearing loss in patients with Ménière`s disease, because the certainty of the evidence is very low.

Does stapes surgery improve tinnitus in patients with otosclerosis? / A estapedotomia melhora o zumbido em pacientes com otosclerose?

Abstract Introduction: Otosclerosis (OS) is the primary disease of the human temporal bone characterized by conductive hearing loss and tinnitus. The exact pathogenesis of tinnitus in otosclerosis patients is not known and factors affecting the tinnitus outcome in otosclerosis patients are still controversial. Objectives: To find the effect of stapedotomy on tinnitus for otosclerosis patients. Methods: Fifty-six otosclerosis patients with preoperative tinnitus were enrolled to the study. Pure tone average Air-Bone Gap values, preoperative tinnitus pitch, Air-Bone Gap closure at tinnitus frequencies were evaluated for their effect on the postoperative outcome. Results: Low pitch tinnitus had more favorable outcome compared to high pitch tinnitus (p = 0.002). Postoperative average pure tone thresholds Air-Bone Gap values were not related to the postoperative tinnitus (p = 0.213). There was no statistically significant difference between postoperative Air-Bone Gap closure at tinnitus frequency and improvement of high pitch tinnitus (p = 0.427). There was a statistically significant difference between Air-Bone Gap improvement in tinnitus frequency and low pitch tinnitus recovery (p = 0.026). Conclusion: Low pitch tinnitus is more likely to be resolved after stapedotomy for patients with otosclerosis. High pitch tinnitus may not resolve even after closure of the Air-Bone Gap at tinnitus frequencies.

Resumo Introdução: Otosclerose (OS) é a principal doença do osso temporal humano caracterizada por perda auditiva condutiva e zumbido. A patogenia exata do zumbido em pacientes com otosclerose não é conhecida e fatores que afetam o desfecho de zumbido em pacientes com otosclerose ainda são controversos. Objetivos: Encontrar o efeito da estapedotomia sobre o zumbido em pacientes com otosclerose. Método: Foram incluídos no estudo 56 pacientes com otosclerose com zumbido pré-operatório. Os valores médios tonais do gap aero-ósseo, o tom de zumbido no pré-operatório, o fechamento do gap nas frequências dos zumbidos foram avaliados quanto ao seu efeito sobre o desfecho pós-operatório. Resultados: O zumbido em tom grave teve desfecho mais favorável em comparação com o zumbido agudo (p = 0,002). Os valores médios dos gaps pós-operatórios não foram relacionados com o zumbido pós-operatório (p = 0,213). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o fechamento pós-operatório do gap na frequência do zumbido e melhoria do zumbido de tom agudo (p = 0,427). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a melhoria no gap nas frequências do zumbido e recuperação do zumbido de tom mais grave (p = 0,026). Conclusão: O zumbido de tom mais grave parece ser mais bem resolvido depois de estapedotomia em pacientes com otosclerose. O zumbido de tom agudo pode não desaparecer, mesmo após o fechamento do gap nas frequências do zumbido.

Association of tinnitus and hearing loss in otological disorders: a decade-long epidemiological study in a South Indian population / Associação de zumbido e perda auditiva em distúrbios otológicos: estudo epidemiológico de uma década em uma população do Sul da Índia

Abstract Introduction: Tinnitus is a common disorder that occurs frequently across all strata of population and has an important health concern. Tinnitus is often associated with different forms of hearing loss of varying severity. Objective: The present study aimed to identify the association of tinnitus with hearing loss in various otological disorders of a South Indian population. Methods: A total of 3255 subjects referred to the MAA ENT Hospital, Hyderabad, from 2004 to 2014, affected with various otological diseases have been included in the present cross-sectional study. Diagnosis of the diseases was confirmed by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist using detailed medical and clinical examination. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ 2 test and binary logistic regression. Results: Tinnitus was observed in 29.3% (956) of the total study subjects that showed an increased prevalence in greater than 40 years of age. There was a significant increase in risk of tinnitus with middle (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.02-3.16) and inner (OR = 3.00, 95% CI = 1.65-5.45) inner ear diseases. It was noted that 96.9% (n = 927) of the tinnitus subjects was associated with hearing loss. Otitis media (60.9%), presbycusis (16.6%) and otosclerosis (14.3%) are the very common otological disorders leading to tinnitus. Tinnitus was significantly associated with higher degree of hearing loss in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) subjects. Conclusion: The present study could identify the most prevalent otological risk factors leading to development of tinnitus with hearing loss in a South Indian population.

Resumo Introdução: O zumbido é um distúrbio comum que ocorre com frequência em todos os estratos da população, constituindo um problema importante de saúde. O zumbido é frequentemente associado a diferentes formas de perda auditiva e sua gravidade é variada. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a associação entre zumbido e perda auditiva em várias doenças otológicas na população do Sul da Índia. Método: No total, 3.255 indivíduos encaminhados ao Hospital MAA ENT em Hyderabad de 2004 a 2014, com diversas doenças otológicas, foram incluídos neste estudo transversal. O diagnóstico das doenças foi confirmado pelo otorrinolaringologista por meio de exames médico e clínico detalhados. A análise estatística foi realizada com o teste do χ2 e regressão logística binária. Resultados: Zumbido foi observado em 29,3% (956) do total de participantes do estudo, com maior prevalência em indivíduos com mais de 40 anos de idade. Houve um aumento significante do risco de zumbido em doenças da orelha média (OR = 1,79, IC 95% = 1,02-3,16) e interna (OR = 3,00, IC 95% = 1,65-5,45). Observamos que em 96,9% (n = 927) dos indivíduos com zumbido houve associação com perda auditiva. Conclusão: O presente estudo pôde identificar os fatores etiológicos mais prevalentes que levam ao desenvolvimento de zumbido associado à perda auditiva em uma população do Sul da Índia. Otite média (60,9%), presbiacusia (16,6%) e otosclerose (14,3%) são doenças otológicas frequentemente associadas ao zumbido. Em indivíduos com otite média crônica supurativa (OMCS), o zumbido foi significantemente associado ao maior grau de perda auditiva.